Game over the Effects of Violent Video Games on Children...

Game Over: The effects of Violent Video Games on Children Seven hours. That is the amount of hours a day the average American child plays a video games (Anderson 354), and with technology advancing and games becoming more graphic, the concern over a violent game’s effect over a child’s development is growing. What does playing video games for seven hours do to a child’s development? Violent, role-playing video games adversely affects a child’s development and causes aggression in children and adolescents; these games desensitize players, reward hurt and destruction, and glorify dangerous weapons. For some clarification, violent video games are defined as any game where the objective is to cruelly hurt or kill another character.†¦show more content†¦In addition to desensitizing children, violent video games reward hurt and destruction. For example, the objective of the very popular Doom is to shoot as many of the game’s â€Å"demons† as possible. In the game, or any given game, the more hurt , the more points a player receives and the higher up in the levels they move. Children are particularly susceptible to this kind of reinforcement because of their age. In the same way a parent teaches their child with punishment when they have done something bad and rewards when they have done something bad. A video game operates on the same basic principal. This is the use of positive reinforcement, on a negative action. The â€Å"fighting solves everything† policy is continually emphasized at an age when children are still modeling after what they see around them. The games subconsciously enforce the belief that violence is good. Video games promote dangerous weapons and make them seem exciting, as opposed to hazardous and life-threatening. The same way the media made smoking seem â€Å"cool,† violent video games make weapons seem â€Å"cool.† Near San Francisco, a young boy broke into his parent’s bedroom and took his father’s gun, and accidentally killed his friend (Levine 51-52). The idea that wielding a gun will make one â€Å"tough† is one that is repeatedly highlighted in video games today. MostShow MoreRelatedThe Effects of Violent Video Games on the Young1575 Words   |  6 Pagesroll music could have on their children. Much like the bad reputation rock and roll music received in the 1950’s, violent video games have been questioned and looked down upon as a newer form of influential media. Violent video games have been blamed for bullying, school shootings, increasing rape, and increasing the amount of women being abused. Despite the popular belief that v ideo games can be very harmful to a child’s mind and cause violent behavior, video games don’t cause as much psychologicalRead MoreEffects of Violent Video Games on Children Essay1660 Words   |  7 PagesEffects of Violent Video Games on Children The use of video games has become tremendously popular among children and adolescents in the past decade. In fact, â€Å"Sixty-eight percent of U.S. households play computer or video games.† (David Jenkins, 2009) This statistic reveals how important it is to understand the effects that these games can have on individuals and more specifically, children. Over the years, numerous studies have been conducted investigating whether video games have positiveRead MoreIs Video Game Violence the Cause of Juvenile Delinquency? Essay1683 Words   |  7 PagesInteractive video games and the Internet have become the entertainment of choice for Americas adolescents. Nearly seven in ten homes with children now have a personal computer (68.2%), and 41% of homes with children have access to the Internet. Annual video game revenues in the United States exceed $10 billion, nearly double the amount of money Americans spend going to the movies. On average, American children who have home video g ame machines play with them about 90 minutes a day. The impactRead MoreVideo Game : Video Games1658 Words   |  7 PagesVideo games first entered into the world around the 1970s, while the violence started occurring in the games about 20 years later (Anderson and Bushman 354). Some of the first violent video games included â€Å"Mortal Kombat, Street Fighter, and Wolfenstein 3D† which had amazing effects that were top notch at the time (Anderson and Bushman 354). Wolfenstein 3D was the first big video game that gave gamers the opportunity to shoot in the first person point of view (Anderson, Buckley, and Gentile 5). OverRead MoreBanning Violent Video Games On Children1545 Words   |  7 Pages Banning Violent Video Games A child is killing police officers. A teenager is hiring prostitutes to potentially kill them. He is using weapons such as guns, chainsaws, and knives to kill and commit horrible crimes. Thousands of children and teens participate in these actions daily. How? Violent Video games such as Doom, Call of Duty, and Grand Theft Auto are just a few of the games that are full of these awful actions. The Harvard Mental Health Letter states, â€Å"The Pew Research Center reportedRead MoreThe True Cause Of Violent Behaviors1613 Words   |  7 PagesThe True Cause of Violent Behaviors in Today s Society There are volumes of media that are starting to harm the world in which we live. They have been linked to fourteen mass murders (Fletcher). Nine out of the top ten selling games have been labeled as violent and 42% of adolescents play them (â€Å"Children and Video Games†). These violent video games are a major problem in the United States and across the globe. Violent video games have a direct correlation with negative behaviors because they increaseRead MoreAdolescent Aggression Based on Violent Videogames1645 Words   |  7 PagesAdolescent Aggression Based on Violent Videogames Violent video games played by millions of people every day results in animated characters having hearts ripped out, heads decapitated, and blood squirting across the screen as their mutilated bodies are erased from the screen. Most players play these games to pass the time, increase hand eye coordination, and create harmless competitions amongst those playing. However, some who play these games are entranced by the violent aggressive behaviors demonstratedRead MoreThe Negative Effects of Video Games Essay1337 Words   |  6 PagesVideo games began in the late 1960s. It is highly interactive but also a distinct simulation of the real world and the world of thinking. In recent years, Video games have been gaining its popularity at an amazing rate and have developed into a common form of entertainment in peoples lives. According to a survey, the researcher found that in 1992, approximately ninety-two percent of U.S. kids between 2 and 17 years of age play video games, and their pare nts bought 225 million of them last year toRead MoreHow Does One Define Violence?1595 Words   |  7 Pages the word violent is described as when someone or something is acting with or  characterized  by  uncontrolled, strong,  rough  force. When looking at this definition, what how do you define rough? Violence is one of those things that can be seen in many different ways. Although is this true, people should all be able to agree on that we see it in our everyday lives. It is seen on the news with the latest headlines. It is seen in movies and TV shows. It is also seen in our children’s games, specificallyRead More The Debate Over Video Game Violence Essay1734 Words   |  7 Pagespeople all over the world to debate certain topics that they deem to have a correct understanding of. Unsurprisingly, the effect of video games on the human brain has been a controversy since video games were first released decades ago. Video games involve the use of body and mind, wh ich causes the player to be inside of the game, and they can see the world through the eyes of the character of which they play. Some psychologists and other scientists suggest that violent video games can cause psychological

Narrative Sample Free Essays

Narrative The annual Acquaintance Party of the students of Bachelor in Elementary Education was held last July 19, 2013 at the Villa Amanda Resort, Abbacy, Bataan. The activities began with the registration of the participants at their arrival on the venue. Stubs, indicated as entrance and photo booth stubs, were given to students before July 19 and were to be meant as the gate pass for them to enter the venue. We will write a custom essay sample on Narrative Sample or any similar topic only for you Order Now It was facilitated by Board Members Petite Arena and Mark Anthony Arrange. After the registration, the students were guided by the rest of the Institute Officers to heir areas on the resort. Led by the Institute Governor John Michael David, together with Board Member Carla Punctual, the designated area for each section was arranged for the students’ convenience. While the students awaited for the arrival of the schools respected authorities for the message, the emcees, then, were John Michael D. Asia (former USC President) and Roomer G. Salon ( the present USC President) encouraged the students to present any number from their section. This was the done simultaneously with the roll call by the section. Unlike the past acquaintance back then, the most prestigious, most glamorous, and sot awaited event in the party, the b. Duskiest was held, for the first time in the A. M. Part after the class presentations. This time, there were 12 candidates, one representative for each section. The candidates battled for the crown on the three major categories: Best in Casual Wear, Best in Talent and the Q and A. Also present on the event was the reigning b. Duskiest of 2012, Ms. Iatric G. Rexes. Finally, after the scores were tallied officially, Ms. Sydney G. Rexes of Bed IV-A was crowned the new b. Duskiest for 2013. After the coronation, the Institute Coordinator, Mr.. Pablo V. Sauna, Jar. Allied on for the mayors of every section as. He gave them questions which were to be answered. If the mayors failed to answer, all his classmates will plunge to the pool. This marked the declaration for the pool opening. Lunch time, DRP. Teresa E. Roberto, Associate Director for Students Affairs, DRP. Holland B. Symbol, Dean of Instruction and DRP. Fleischman E. Tuning , Associate Director for Research and Extension, came and Joined us. Each of them delivered a the newly elected COOS Officers of Education and Mayors of every section. After the induction and lunch exact 1 PM another event was opened, the first Dance Battle event happened on the history of educations acquaintance party. Three groups vied for a cash prize and trophy. The first group was IA, C, AAA and AAA presented their dance number with a medley of modern and classical music. The second group was IA, B, C and B however lost unity and performed on the stage per section. This secured their place as the last. B, AAA, B and C the third and last group became as the center of attraction when they performed the song â€Å"Pilling Mo Nag Philippians. † They used colorful costumes and made a formation surrounding the LOL on its four sides. It was a spectacular presentation. In the end, they won the trophy. The last part of the program was the games. It was led by the Vice-Governor Carlo Humane and SC President Roomer S. Annals as he attends the acquaintance party of his course and assisted them by the rest of the officers. The students enjoyed the games and had a good time playing until they found themselves enjoying the pool. Others were busy to get their chance avail the free photo booth using their passes stub. And as the last part of the program, prizes were given to the cleanest cottage. How to cite Narrative Sample, Essays

Global Influences Social Affairs and Connections

Question: Describe about the Global Influences for Social Affairs and Connections. Answer: As we are aware that globalization is envisaged as a set of procedures which symbolize a revolution in spatial organization where societal affairs and connections can be articulated in transcontinental or cross-region flows and arrangement of various activities, their interface and relative power. It is featured and being affected by various uncertainties and changes. At one end, there is an opinion that open markets and free trade related investment across where the international markets permits more and more people to allocate in the affluence of an emerging world economy. The hyperglobalists basically deem that the present stage of globalization indicates that the foundation of the end for the nation-state and the denationalization among economys. By economic denationalization they signify that the nation restrictions will be immaterial with admiration to the economic processes, and that national Govt. wont be able to manage it in case of geographically encircled economys. Rather, this would probably provide connections among and between different part of the world via supra-national organizations such as NAFTA and the EU. The wider implications of the hyperglobalist position is that the world, which they believe that the world will become borderless as national Govvt. might turn to perform only as operators/providers of global capital flows an d investments. The Hyperglobalizers firmly believes that the nation-state, the primary political and economic components of current world society, which would certainly be substituted by institutions of global governance in which individuals claim the international adherence, which is profound as a commitment to neo-liberal principles of free trade and economic integration (Marston, 2014). The hyperglobalists presumes globalization is the key to increase/decrease the growth of any country and thus plays an important role in the countrys GDP. This is the reason why they state that the world is turning borderless as according to them the national Govt. turning into meaningless/ mission less entities and are functioning just as service providers for the global capital flows and investments (Team, 2012). They firmly consider that the nation-state, the principally opinionated and economic-unit of modern world society, will subsequently be substituted by society of global supremacy in which the people basically allege international adherence, which are established on a commitment to neo-liberal values of free-trade and monetary amalgamation. Politically, the worldwide democracy will emphasize the appearance of the global governance, substituting the pass nation with a global organizations such as the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Trade Organization (WTO). ASEAN is the most recognized cooperation and famous regional cooperation group in the region of East Asia. The Association of Southeast Asian nations (ASEAN) is the leading regional alliance in East Asia. It is extensively credited and known for its significant involvement for building the Southeast Asia region extra stable and affluent than it might instead have been the case. The ASEAN group also plays an important role as a supporter for the wider regional cooperation grouping which facilitate the forums for the Southeast Asian states, the main powers and other engrossed countrys to converse and organize the approaches towards the provincial issues. The group ASEAN holds a vast region of various group of countries which was originated in the year 1967 by Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore and Thailand (Bank, 2010). The group has focussed towards the reverence for national self-government, avoiding altercation, realization accord gained via harmony and then subsequently proceeding at a platform where all the members are comfortable with each other and can share their honest opinion. The region holds a stability from economic, political, socio-cultural point of view and rigorously work towards national sovereignty and region development (Intal, et al., 2012). The ASEANs another key attempt on a broader and provincial endevaor was the ASEAN Plus Three process, a group, especially focussed on East Asian developed assist to bring a platform where the ten ASEAN members with China, Japan and the Republic of Korea can discuss and make an effort for the overall growth and development of the region as well as for the countries involved. The ASEAN Plus group has turned to a group which is mainly concentrated and spotlight for regional discourse, even though most of the activities have in fact been on the basis of ASEAN connections with each having Northeast Asian members independently instead through cooperation (Frost, 2013). ASEANs basically make endeavor for targeting the development and growth of broader multilateral forums who all are interested to do so. Devoid of these efforts, it is expected that the region related to East Asia and relative Asia Pacific regions shouldnt have less prospect for tte--tte/discussion and the progress/improvement in the form of cooperation. ASEANs generally put exertion to prolong and prepared to tolerate the substantial challenge and issues. There are three key correlated issues which are generally targeted to regional development, i.e. the lack of extensive agreement with basically what is the most suitable and adequate grouping of the regional states for the purpose of developing obliging and supporting arrangements, the second is continuing tensions and contradictory interests amid the key powerful countries (Hill Menon, 2010). The group is prolonged to declare a place of centrality at the hub of regional growth and its relative hard work. The major features are as follows: First, ASEAN economies, trade predominantly with the rest of the world. The ASEAN group is assorted and being practical in each or every correlated respect. The group has a strong commercial policy architecture. The group focus on welfare in case of uncertainty occurred on the macroeconomic (Intal, et al., 2012). These regions follow the return to growth approach, which implies instead of the instantaneous GFC possession, and drives to identify the rationale and identity against the rapidly changing atmosphere surrounded by the global environment. The group highlights and work rigorously on plethora of proposals. The BREXIT word has turn and being used as a tachygraphy way of signifying that the UK is leaving the EU. This basically implies to the British and exit. BREXIT is basically combining two words, i.e.Britain, which is originated from Greek and exit has been originated from European language and was dubbed as Grexit in the past. A referendum, a vote in which almost everybody having voting age can get involved to choose whether the UK should depart or stay in the European Union. Absconding won by 52% to around 48%. The referendum churn out found to be 71.8%, with more than 30 million populace selection (Niblett, 2016). The politicians who basically lead the UK. Out of the EU and must safeguard against permitting a deep gap to materialize among their political oratory and the reality facing the Britain outside. TheUnited Kingdom'sextraction from the European Unionis usually known asBrexit, aneologismof "British-Exit". By following aUK ballot held in June 2016, out of which 52% of votes were cast in the favor of leaving the EU, Prime MinisterDavid Cameronleft (Hunt Wheeler, 2016). Theresa Maybecame the new Prime Minister and announced that the Govt. anticipate to raisethe Article 50 of the Treaty on European Union, the official process of retreating, by the end of March 2017. This, within the treaty terms, would put the UK on a route to depart the EU by the end of March 2019 if no bargain withdrawal concord is attained. May has assured abillto eliminate theEuropean Communities Act, which was established in the year 1972from therule bookand to integrate the existingEU lawsintoUK conjugal law.The terms of amputation havent yet been conferred in the meantime, the UK would possibly remain a full member of the European Union in that case. The UK economy is deeply incorporated with the European associates on grounds of economy, army and cultural aspects. It's probably that aBREXITmay probably direct to decline in the stock markets and direct to a financial downturn, perhaps worst than the 2008 financial crisis. Economic Grounds: Opponents of the EU disputed that it is a multidimensional economic entity. The EU was unsuccessful to tackle the economic issues which have been rising since year 2008. For example, 20% unemployment in southern Europe was the situation occurred due to this. Sovereignty Grounds: The second reason for Brexit is the rise of patriotism worldwide. Theres a growing suspect of multi-national financial, commerce, and resistance organization formed post World War II. The EU, theIMF, and NATO are considered as good examples of this (Niblett, 2016). Many who resist the EU deem these institute no longer provide a reason Not only this, but these organizations takes the control away from entity nation. The distrust and trepidation of trailing control pursued Brexit to a reasonable solution to them. The environmentalmovement mainly refers to ecologymovement, inclusive of the conservation andgreenpolitics. The initiative is a diverse scientific, social, and politicalmovementin addressing the ecological issues. Though, the conservation movement had European roots, many observers maintain that the United States has appeared as the world's leader in the field of environment. America deserves the credit for initiating the green movement and started as a tough situation for environmentalist. The sustainability strategy basically assists the business and reach ahead of the doors to conserve and guard the planet and the natural resources. The green movement targets on diminishing the footprint, building more sustainable buildings, developing the supply chain more environmentally cognizant assisting the creative fortification proposals and motivating the associates/employees to help the efforts. Going green is completely up to a personal choice, but one should consider that If the industry rivals are executing green initiatives, then thats one of the unique way they are creating differentiation in the sector and this may replicate poorly on the company. I believe that there should be some regulatory and compliance audits which can promote the green movement in the industry and lead to enhance/sustain of the organization in the market. So, rather than following the competitors initiatives, one should craft and start initiating for making investment in green plan. I believe that the green plan which makes sense for your company can surely start generating benefits as soon as possible. The benefits which are associated with the green movement and green strategy are mentioned as follows:- Economic Benefits Despite of decrementing the businesss crash on the environment,one of the key benefits for executing these green initiatives is reducing costs,especially with an objective of reducing the energy consumption. Apart from reducing the costs associated with utility, it is quite feasible to reduce associated costs of transportation, water, waste-disposal, paper and may certainly help in saving the natural resources (UNESCO, 2016). Brand Recognition Going green is a gigantic inclination and movement right now. It basically draws up the societal responsibility which can basically propagate the employees, highlighting the post on the companys website, and this can proliferate the marketing. Employee Satisfaction Its not easy to identify and measure the benefits occurred from the green initiatives made. On the whole,few surveys have accountedthat the employees working in such environment friendly organizations are generally better-off with their work and the company on the whole if they are doing work towards green movement (Matthews, 2016). This is most probably due to the green initiatives which basically inspire and stimulate employees to work as a team en route for a universal purpose.I believe that establishing any of the business as a green company will help the populace to recognize the company and help in increasing and propagating the recruitment of new employees. Eco-friendly As an individual, I deem that there are numerous benefits of implementing the green initiatives. After you create a plan to execute the green initiatives, pursue thoroughly (Lallanilla, 2016). The company can go for gettingcertification, such as ISO 14001, IGBCandLEED certification.These certifications would help in increasing the chances of getting acknowledged for the efforts and pursue to attain win awards and subsequently extend the brand. Culture is a lively force for the change instead of an inflexible set of the forms or factors which should be sternly complied to. In fact the World Commission on Culture and Development (WCCD) stated that a societys culture is not static, but instead is in an invariable situation of change which may force and stipulate by other professional opinion As we realize that the current era of globalization having unparalleled quickening and strengthening in the worldwide flow of capital, labor, and information holds a unique influence on the local culture. Although, this matter enhances the combination of the societies and facilitate hundred of people to avail new alternatives. This may also fetch the loss of exclusivity of the local culture, which may possibly lead to thrashing of individuality, elimination and even conflict. This is especially true in case of conventional society and community, which are showing the exact picture to boost modernization which is based on the representation (Ornek, 2004). Balancing the settlement of amalgamating into a world besides conserving the exclusivity of the local culture necessitate a vigilant and suspicious approach. So, I believe that placing culture at the heart of an expansion policy doesnt imply to lock up in a conventional way. On the other hand, for investing in the prospect of the local resources, familiarity, skills and resources to boos the inspiration and the sustainable progress. The gratitude and admiration for the assortment of the cultures also craft the circumstances for the common perception, discourse and harmony (Hezel, 2009). As a senator, I believe that several global processes of money laundering have been associated with the drug dealers and the criminal involved in trading of narcotics. The economies of the processes involved in the dirty money are related to affect the diversity issues and several practices are disrupted by the traffickers. The apparatus and motivations related to money laundering are increased and propagated by the narcotics agents (Alasmari, 2012). The implications of money laundering process will be measured through the viewpoint of the financial institution and banks which dont want to turn into a systematic periphery of laundering process, and there are numerous ways which may be executed by the institutions to avoid such transactions. There should be a huge penalty levied to the people who are involved in such activities. Though, its very tough to trap such market as the activities in this sector are done suspiciously and clandestinely. On the other hand, money laundering holds possible spill-over benefits which has been noticed in the past decades, such as the investments of the cocaine cowboys. I suggest that all the activities should be assessed from both perspectives, which are ethical and financial context. This should be evaluated so that the dirty money can be avoided in the country and increase the growth. The Foreign Policy consists of all connections of entity nation which states to other states. In the perspective of the globalization, especially originated in the 21stcentury, it is predominantly essential that it may be unsettling to the interdependence states. With the arrival of the worldwide society and globalization, an inference of the foreign policy of each nation-state are far greater. The study of Foreign Policy therefore has developed into a more critical stage of trade The countries are affected by international policies and their rules or regulations may probably distract the trade and commerce of each country. The policy related to the America continent leads to weakening the commerce , trade, incrementing the debt service, the responsibility suffers the flows of aid, and incrementing protection in the urbanized market economy which basically cause rigorous and creates issues of exterior compensation issues. The augmented cost of foreign borrows in the case of the exports is miserable. This would probably assist to throw several developing countries into debt crises (UN, 2003). Severity programs laid down by the IMF as a requirement for the extension of the credit to fulfil the short-term BOPs during the debt crisis. The growth was deteriorated and several social aims caused other issues related to employment, health, education, environment, and human settlements (Tehranian, 1996). In the case of Africa, the policy affected and created: Atmosphere degradation, weakening agriculture Reduction in savings Increase in infant humanity, scarcity, and lack of education; Rising population growth rates; and Deterioration of Urban Infrastructure growth Among all the crisis, the African crisis affected the working of other international economy situate out. The Sub-Saharan Africa's financial generally rely on the low-income Asia's developments in the world economy. It has noticed that during the past few decades, several sub-Saharan countries have strongly hit and initiated the unfavorable trends on the whole (Hussain, 2011). This shows that the trade and commerce of a country can affect the other country if they have correlation in any terms of exchange. In fact, the recent fluctuation in oil prices has affected the exchange rates, and augment the high interest rates. Over the last decade, the worth of main commodity, copper, iron ore, jaggery, rubber, timber, and cotton has also dropped considerably. Bibliography Alasmari, K., 2012. Cleaning up dirty money: the illegal narcotics trade and money laundering, Available at: https://www.economics-sociology.eu/files/15_MOD_Dirty%20Money_e%20new.pdf Bank, A. D., 2010. ASEAN Economic Integration: Features, Fulfillments, Failures and the Future, Available at: https://www.adb.org/publications/asean-economic-integration-features-fulfillments-failures-and-future Frost, F., 2013. ASEAN and regional cooperation: recent developments and Australias interests, Available at: https://www.aph.gov.au/About_Parliament/Parliamentary_Departments/Parliamentary_Library/pubs/rp/rp1314/ASEAN#_Toc370112413 Hezel, F., 2009. The Role of Culture in Economic Development, Available at: https://www.micsem.org/pubs/counselor/frames/culture_economic_developmentfr.htm?httpwww.micsem.org/pubs/counselor/culture_economic_development.htm Hill, H. Menon, J., 2010. ASEAN Economic Integration: Features, Fulfillments, Failures and the Future: Asian Development Bank, Available at: https://www.adb.org/sites/default/files/publication/28551/wp69-hill-menon-asean-economic-integration.pdf Hunt, A. Wheeler, B., 2016. Brexit: All you need to know about the UK leaving the EU, Available at: https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-politics-32810887 Hussain, Z., 2011. The effect of domestic politics on foreign policy decision making, Available at: https://www.e-ir.info/2011/02/07/the-effect-of-domestic-politics-on-foreign-policy-decision-making/ Intal, P., Narjoko, D. Simorangkir, M., 2012. ERIA Study to Further Improve the AEC Scorecard: Investment liberlization and facilitation: ERIA, Available at: https://www.oecd.org/investment/investmentfordevelopment/46485493.pdf Lallanilla, M., 2016. The History of the Green Movement. The Green Movement Has Been Going on for Centuries, Available at: https://greenliving.about.com/od/greenprograms/a/What-Is-The-Green-Movement.htm Marston, K., 2014. Globalizatio _overview, Available at: https://geog2013tc2e.files.wordpress.com/2014/01/globalization_overview_byknoxmarston.pdf Matthews, K., 2016. How Green Initiatives Can Benefit Your Business, Available at: https://articles.bplans.com/green-initiatives-can-benefit-business/# Niblett, R., 2016. Brexit: The Reality, Available at: https://www.chathamhouse.org/expert/comment/brexit-reality?gclid=Cj0KEQiA6_TBBRDInaPjhcelt5oBEiQApPeTF3JUfpEEMgsswh_TKMpiztRnrr9Rv_kPChx0gGmEpw8aAg_t8P8HAQ# Ornek, Y., 2004. Globalization and Cultural Identity, Available at: https://www.studienkreis.org/common/news/referat_oernek.pdf Team, P. U., 2012. The Globalization Debate, Available at: https://www.polity.co.uk/global/pdf/INTR.PDF Tehranian, M., 1996. Global communication and international relations: changing paradigms and policies. International journal of peace studies, 2(1). UNESCO, 2016. Culture for Sustainable Development. Environmental and Social Policies, Available at: https://www.unesco.org/new/en/culture/themes/culture-and-development/the-future-we-want-the-role-of-culture/globalization-and-culture/ UN, W. E. S., 2003. Gathering a body of global agreements: NGO Committee on Education, Available at: https://www.un-documents.net/ocf-03.htm

The Great Gatsby Essay English Literature Essay free essay sample

In Fitzgeralds tempting novel, The Great Gatsby, the reader is introduced to a clip high on hedonism and societal patterned advance in the early 1920s, when America was under the isolationist policy. The quintessential male child following door, Nick, besides the storyteller of narrative, recalls the clip when he moved to New York City to larn about the bond concern ; alternatively he experiences and is treated to the modern-day upper-class businessperson life style while unveiling the implicit in quandary and cardinal struggles of the upper-class which ignites the origin of a tragic matter followed by treachery, retribution, and lecherousness for go uping the societal ladder of society. Fitzgerald s blend of symbolism conveyed by munificent imagination through the planned reencounter with Daisy, the fatal, yet apparently honoring decease of Myrtle, Gatsby s last opportunity , and Gatsby true purposes for prosecuting Daisy, synergistically conjoin to make a seamless chef-doeuvre of literature, arousing the contrast between societal standing and moral virtuousness. We will write a custom essay sample on The Great Gatsby Essay English Literature Essay or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The long-awaited minute Gatsby has been hankering for has eventually arrived, all is in the custodies of Nick, whether he agree to ask for Daisy over to his house and have lunch with him and Gatsby, his neighbour. The brush is awkward and inactive at first ; Gatsby becomes discerning and leaves uneasily, but returns clean , and efforts to confront the affair professionally, His caput leaned back so far that it rested against the face of a defunct mantle clock and from this place his overwrought eyes stared down at Daisy who was sitting scared, but graceful on the border of a stiff chair ( Fitzgerald 91 ) The length of clip of the separation between the two draws back the obscure, yet intense feelings of compunction and infatuation are exchanged. Daisy is bewildered by him, contemplating about their shared yesteryear and juxtaposing it to the possible hereafter that may lie in front between the two from this concentrating brush. The drawn-out stares and length of clip separated s eem to unknot a doubtful enigma between the two. The intense meeting, and uncomfortable position reflects the feeling of backdown endured and leads them to believe what may hold been the ground why they feel their lives during that span of separation could hold been for the better if they had nt hold lost contact. This becomes the inducement they both follow in hope, despite the fact that Daisy is married and Gatsby lacks compassion. The entangled scene when Gatsby and Tom confront each other about their feelings about one another ends when Tom decides adequate is adequate. He does nt experience like reasoning at Gatsby, because he knows Gatsby can non animate the yesteryear and anticipate to travel through it swimmingly. Tom exposes and justifies the rumours of Gatsby s illicit, yet moneymaking concern of selling whole-grain intoxicant which had lead to some problem after one of his loyal traders was arrested for a month and Gatsby did non support him in test. Tom besides mentions how selling grain intoxicant was merely one of the many things he did for net income, and tells him how he had coerced the adult male to non advert any longer of the questionable activities he assisted Gatsby in executing. Tom lets Daisy travel place with Gatsby, intentionally to do her feel guilty and repent what she has done. On the manner back Daisy drives recklessly, inattentive of the route, irritated by Tom s concluding comment. While driving back, she hits and kills Myrtle, Tom s kept woman, without looking back. They saw that her left chest was singing free like a flap, and there was no demand to listen for the bosom beneath. The oral cavity was broad unfastened and ripped at the corners, as though she had choked a small in giving up the enormous verve she had stored so long. ( Vonnegut 137 ) The symbolism is found in the withdrawal of her left chest, which is where the bosom lies, spurting in blood and purging out any staying love that she had sacrificed to delight Tom, which had been constricted by his demanding demand to desire more of Myrtle, to let go of his unprompted desires to person inferior of his category. He chose her because she was despairing, missing of self-esteem, and she had no ethical motives or societal category which made her vulnerable to yield to his deflowering and enchanting demeanour. Obviously, he did nt take a kept woman or prosecute person of his equal standing because non m erely would the offer be declined, but he would nt desire to cast negative-taboo visible radiation on his category. Tom s features as a chauvinist are expressed here, It s up to us, who are the dominant race, to watch out or these other races will hold control of things. ( Fitzgerald 13 ) Tom feels compelled to show his pride of being an Aryan, to present Nick and allow him as an equal to their elect cult. Tom neer would hold married Myrtle or beef up the bond of their relationship because he merely wanted to indirectly mortify her, to botch her and demo her a gustatory sensation of the life she will neer derive. Although he uses her, his actions define him in the same regard as person of a lower category. This sponsoring air which has been passed on from elect coevals to coevals can non defy the complex imperfectnesss of humanity. To be revered and respected, to follow the thought of speckless construct is a faAAÂ §ade which prevents these other races to hold control of things ( Fitzgerald 13 ) . Gatsby s yesteryear is a load to him that he wants to shrive from negativeness and indefinite societal duties. He follows the mysterious green visible radiation, idolizing its speculator penetration, and intangible signifier. Gatsby believed in the green visible radiation, the orgastic hereafter that twelvemonth by twelvemonth recedes before us. It eludes us so, but that s no affair tomorrow we will run quicker, stretch out our weaponries farther ( Fitzgerald 180 ) The green visible radiation, symbolizes the changeless, ceaseless energy that gives us motive and ambitious, the possible opportunity to make the unsought for, the resurgence of unsaid idea and motivation, underlying deep within ourselves. The cardinal thought of the American dream, the chase of personal felicity and feasible chance. He sought for the best, and got in touch with his alter-ego. The lone defect was that he was nt born into this civilization, this cult of higher privileged high quality. He defied the odds of going rich while transporting his household background, driven by this dream of going a millionaire, to redefine him, in a sense with his character. But, he thought he had had the opportunity to deliver himself into the universe of the rich and celebrated, though get marrieding Daisy, which he loved and cherished, chiefly for her high-class standing which he could hold gotten the opportunity to incorporate to. At that clip, when Daisy was immature and guiltless and when he immature and full of promise was the minute he needed to be rich plenty to run into Daisy s parents criterions. But, he could nt alter the yesteryear and his demand to make so kills him. He fails to acknowledge that the green visible radiation can non alter what has been done. At the clip when this novel was written, there was a great demand and experience for people to joy and accomplish fulfilment in their lives. The American Dream was prevailing and concern was high. Peoples felt they had a greater duty and right to claim their hereafter in this booming state and every minute was a coppice against possible chance, the opportunity to be something, person, anything could hold been possible, except wipe outing one s background individuality. In the narrative, Nick captures the kernel and overall attitude of the 1920s and the life of Jay Gatsby and company. Moved from the Midwest to New York, he lives in an unstylish country called West Egg. Equally shortly as he arrives, he is invited to his rich cousin s house and shortly starts to blossom the struggles that come in front, and shortly becomes acquainted with his cryptic neighbour, Mr. Jay Gatsby and learns all about the fast ones of the trade and understands why Gatsby sees him with great involvement, whi le sing a new civilization, a stylish joi de vivre which he succumbs to and illustrates us its unmarked defects. The graphic symbolism incorporated in the novel from the description of the defunct clock to the weather-inspired imagination explicating Gatsby s last opportunity for salvation, all come together to make a novel of awe and relished expectancy.

Language Is A Cultural Factor Social Work Essays

Language Is A Cultural Factor Social Work Essays Language Is A Cultural Factor Social Work Essay Language Is A Cultural Factor Social Work Essay This essay will analyze how issues of race and civilization are pertinent to mental wellness jobs and to service responses to minority communities. However, other hazard or causal factors will be considered which are indispensable in to the full understanding diagnosing, entree to services and results of mental wellness issues including poorness, racism and force against adult females. It appears that a combination of cultural, structural and individualist factors are linked to mental wellness issues and it will be highlight why an over focal point on race and civilization ( without sing other factors ) can be unsafe. Although single factors will non be discussed in this essay, their importance must be emphasised. Personal elements intersect with other factors ( structural and cultural ) lending to mental wellness jobs. Individual factors on their ain therefore are non plenty but need to be considered in combination with cultural and structural factors. This can be linked to Thompsons PCS Model which looks at Personal, Cultural and Structural issues in footings of anti oppressive pattern ( Thompson, 1997 ) . It can non be ignored that issues of race and civilization are highly relevant when sing mental wellness. However, this essay positions race as socially constructed, with small biological cogency as a hazard factor that to the full explains inequalities in wellness ( Bhui et al, 2005, p.496 ) . What is more executable and supported in surveies such as the EMPIRIC survey, is that race is a factor which can be a sociological hazard to persons which can be referred to as racial favoritism holding the possible to ensue in lower ego regard, fewer chances, and emphasis taking to mental wellness jobs ( Bhui et al, 2005 ) . In the UK racial favoritism does non merely mention to the term race as skin coloring material but besides incorporates cultural differences every bit good ( Bhui et al, 2005 ) . Therefore in this essay, when race is referred to as taking to mental wellness jobs ; it will be in footings of the account put frontward antecedently. It appears that race and civilization impact on diagnosing, entree to services and results. However, this position is based on research obtained in a short sum of clip it was merely in 1995 that detecting different cultural groups became obligatory in mental wellness services which are publicly funded ( Mind, 2012 ) . However this position is disputed by Glove and Evison ( 2010 ) who argue that differences in the form of mental wellness attention received by minority cultural groups in England have been noted since the 1960s and widely debated since the 1980s . Irrespective of this difference, both agree that research has identified differences between different cultural groups in diagnosing, intervention and handiness of services. A common designation in literature is that there are high rates of psychosis ( for illustration schizophrenic disorder ) amongst African Caribbean work forces and seemingly low rates of mental unwellness among South Asians ( NCSR, 2002 ) . Influential pieces of research placing these differences include the Count Me In nose count which began in 2005 and was created in support of the Department of Health s five twelvemonth program Delivering Race and Equality in Mental Health Care ( Mind, 2012 ) . The ultimate purpose was to cut down admittance rates, detainment and privacy amongst black and minority cultural groups ( Mind, 2012 ) . The nose count identifies that 22 % of 30,500 persons having in-patient attention were from minority cultural groups ( CQC, 2010 ) . It besides highlights that black work forces are more likely to be detained under the Mental Health Act and that black and black/white assorted race work forces are three times more likely to be admitted to psychiatric wards and had the highest admittance rate of all groups ( Mind, 2012 ) . CRITICISM The Fourth National Survey ( FNS ) of cultural minorities supports this to an extent. It identifies higher rates of psychosis diagnosing amongst Black Caribbean s compared t o white people ( Mind, 2012 ) . However, these differences are lower than old surveies have suggested. Surveies undertaken antecedently have suggested psychosis occurs largely amongst black Caribbean work forces nevertheless this survey suggests higher rates amongst black Caribbean adult females ( Mind, 2012 ) . Despite these figures, findings have besides suggested that Black African Caribbean and South Asiatic patients are less likely to hold their mental wellness jobs detected by a GP ( The Centre for Social Justice, 2011 ) . Black work forces have been found to be more likely to be admitted to psychiatric units via the Criminal Justice System ( CJS ) ( NMHDU, 2010 ) . The Count Me in nose count highlighted that Black Caribbean, Black African and White/Black Caribbean assorted groups are between 40 and 60 per cent more likely to be admitted via the CJS ( CQC, 2010 ) . In contrast to this, findings from the nose count identify that admittance rates among South Asiatic and Chinese groups have remained much lower ( below norm in many instances ) ( Care Quality Commission, 2011 ) . This is interesting, as other research has indicated that some specific subgroups of South Asiatic adult females ( ages 15-24 ) are at high hazard of completed self-destruction ( Raleigh, 1996 ) . Therefore, why ar e they non acquiring the necessary support from mental wellness services? The EMPIRIC survey considers white people as a comparing with Bangladesh, Black Caribbean, Irish, Indian and Pakistani groups ( Bhui et al, 2005 ) . This survey was undertaken in the community which is rather rare. It considers the impact of racial favoritism in the workplace ( Bhui et al, 2005 ) . The survey identified that Black Caribbean people reported the highest sum of occupation denial and Pakistanis the highest degree of abuse ( Bhui et al, 2005 ) . Bangladeshi, White and Irish people were found to be less likely to describe favoritism ( Bhui et al, 2005 ) . Discrimination in the workplace is common and is a hazard factor for common mental upsets ( Bhui et al, 2005 ) . The differences between each group in footings of Common Mental Disorders ( CMD ) were little and there were some fluctuations in footings of age and sex ( Bhui et al, 2005 ) . It found CMD were higher amongst Pakistani and Irish work forces ages 35-54 and higher rates amongst Indian and Pakistani adult females ages 55-74 ( Weich et al, 2004 ) . Common Mental Disorders were found to be lower in Bangladeshi adult females than white adult females which is interesting sing this group has the highest degree of socio economic want and the recognized nexus between poorness and mental wellness ( Weich et al, 2004 ) . There were no differences in rates between Black Caribbean and White people despite them enduring the most occupation denial and this identifies differences to findings from other key surveies which frequently identify higher rates of mental unwellness amongst black work forces in peculiar ( Weich et al, 2004 ) . Therefore this suggests this group may be more resilient or Black Caribbean people with CMD may hold been excluded from occupations ( Bhui et al, 2005 ) . The EMPIRIC survey really identifies that Black Caribbean adult females had more CMD than Black Caribbean work forces ( Bhui et al, 2005 ) and as findings from FNS besides suggest an country of concern for this group, it appears farther research should be undertaken. There are some unfavorable judgments on this survey being that what is perceived as racism does non ever impact on current employment experiences ( Bhui et al, 2005 ) . It does non see the fact that CMD may ensue in more people describing racial favoritism ( Bhui, 2005 ) . More long term and qualitative surveies may be good in understanding the impact of racial favoritism ( Bhui et al, 2005 ) . However, surveies undertaken late 1990s and early 2000 because there was a rise in concern sing this issue ( partly due tot the Rocky Bennett instance ) therefore the authorities commissioned this research due to these concerns. However, in recent old ages things have died down a spot hence less research is being undertaken so cognition is non developing and there is no support available for research workers. Despite this, research already carried out seems to follow suite in placing differences in the diagnosing, intervention and results of mental wellness for cultural groups, nevertheless these differences are non ever on par with each other and identify differences in themselves as already stated ( McLean et al, 2003 ) . It is of import to understand why fluctuations do be between cultural groups in footings of mental wellness which will be the focal point of the remainder of this essay. It can non be ignored that cultural factors doubtless play a function in the findings identified antecedently. Black and minority ethnic ( BME ) groups may talk in a manner which is considered different to white British persons or they may hold dissimilar idiosyncrasies. As a consequence, this may be interpreted wrongly which could later take to an wrong diagnosing of mental wellness issues ( Singh, 2006 ) . As stated western head-shrinkers are more likely to misinterpret behavior and hurt that is foreign to them as psychosis ( Singh, 2006 ) . Persons may be labelled as unusual or unusual because of cultural traits ( Singh, 2006 ) . Therefore, this identifies that a deficiency of apprehension of cultural differences may impact on readings. However, no affair what cultural developing people obtain, readings of behavior are ever traveling to change as civilizations are complex and continuously accommodating. Another statement associating to race and civilization and its nexus with mental wellness is that some cultural groups may non respond to western-type methods of covering with mental unwellness. For illustration, in Western society, psychopathology is viewed as an nonsubjective subject and hence the person having the support/therapy is separated from the healer ( Fernando, 2004 ) . It is likely that the healer will non cognize the person and will seldom hold any physical contact with them. As put frontward the healer learns the intervention and applies it within the overall medical theoretical account of covering with jobs as single unwellnesss, upsets or perturbations of what is assumed to be normal mental operation ( Fernando, 2004, p.121 ) . This manner of nearing mental wellness may be different to other civilizations for illustration where more religious methods of healing may be used ( Fernando, 2004 ) . As a consequence, certain cultural groups may non affect themselves in western methods for illustration traveling to see a General Practitioner ( GP ) . Koffman et Al ( 1997 ) found that in comparing to non-black groups, more black patients who had been admitted were non registered with a physician. This may be a consequence of different cultural methods of healing in which western patterns do non suit. However, civilization should non be considered as stationary or immobile it does and can accommodate and alter. It is of import to recognize that different civilizations can get down to complect with each other as civilizations may respond to the environment they are in contact with ( MDAA, 2012 ) . This identifies how it can be unsafe to concentrate excessively much on civilization which I will look into farther on in the essay. Language is a cultural factor which can impact on the right diagnosing and support for an person: both diagnosing and intervention are handicapped if there is no common linguistic communication between physician and patient ( Farooq and Fear, 2003, p.104 ) . Even when an translator is involved, they may non be trained in psychopathology which can restrict understanding and can hold a negative impact on interlingual rendition ( Farooq and Fear, 2003 ) . However, I would reason that at least if an translator is involved, they can bridge the linguistic communication barrier to a important extent. As argued patients in mental wellness services will see a better quality of attention when accessing translators ( Costa, 2011 ) . This is emphasised in the NICE Guidelines for GA, Schizophrenia, Depression and Dementia which puts forward that written stuff should be translated into different linguistic communications and translators should be used where appropriate ( ref ) . A mental welln ess professional that comes across a patient of a different civilization, who speaks a different linguistic communication, may non recognize the badness of their symptoms due to the cultural and linguistic communication differences ensuing in deficiency of support from services for illustration. Therefore if person nowadayss to their GP with symptoms these may be misinterpreted if an appropriate translator is non present. Therefore although many mental wellness scenes may utilize translators on a regular basis, others may non and the importance of this must be emphasised in order to work through issues of incorrect diagnosing, intervention and results of mental wellness. Although race and civilization are obviously pertinent to mental wellness jobs and service responses, it is necessary to see other factors as an accent on cultural issues can sanitise or dissemble other issues ( Chantler et al, 2002, p.649 ) . It seems that mental wellness services are concentrating on cultural differences and understanding cultural diverseness in an effort to get the better of the differences in diagnosing and support for different cultural groups. However, in their effort to make this they may really be disregarding other cardinal issues therefore potentially doing the state of affairs worse or at least keeping it. Some argue that there is an pressing demand to develop cultural competency among nurses and other attention workers if they are to run into the demands of the diverse populations they serve ( Papadopoulos, L and Tilki M and Lees S ) . However, professionals may non handle black people any otherwise merely because they are trained to be culturally co gnizant ( Fernando, 2004 ) . There are tonss of mentions to cultural competency in the Department of Health and NHS. The authorities scheme No Health Without Mental Health which replaced New Horizons in 2011 seems to concentrate on civilization but does non look to admit of import links between race and mental wellness. It is good known that there is a important nexus between poorness and mental wellness ( Chantler, 2011 ) . It appears that mental wellness societal work is get downing to go around around the bio medical theoretical account hence societal factors such as poorness are non focused on every bit much as they should ( Chantler, 2011 ) . It has been identified that societal exclusion can frequently be a consequence of poorness as a deficiency of fiscal agencies consequences in the poorer sectors of society being unable to affect themselves in social activities therefore ensuing in exclusion ( Gilchrist and Kyprianou, 2011 ) . Social exclusion/isolation can impact on mental wellness therefore poorness can be viewed as a hazard factor for mental wellness jobs ( Chantler, 2011 ) . Bing in the lowest societal category is frequently linked with poorness and this is something which spans across different ethnicities and civilizations. Therefore white, working category members of society may see mental wellness issues which are instigated as a consequence of poorness therefore race and civilization can non be viewed as the lone factors impacting on mental wellness other factors which can besides impact on white sectors must be recognised. However, black and minority cultural groups may happen it more hard to travel into higher categories as a consequence of issues such as racism and favoritism therefore may stay in low socioeconomic fortunes. This highlights a nexus between poorness and ethnicity and emphasises the concern that peoples race and civilization may ensue in them being forced into state of affairss which could increase their likeliness of mental hurt. It appears that there are two chief ways racism can impact on person s wellness: the immediate psychological and physical impact and the consequence of which different races and civilizations are non valued within society ensuing in societal exclusion and disadvantage ( Karlsen and Nazroo, 2000 ) . As argued racism, whether openly hostile or skulking in institutional civilizations and patterns, limits the chances and life picks persons make ( Gilchrist and Kyprianou, 2011, p.7 ) . Therefore, certain people of certain races or civilizations may experience mo re comfy staying in communities together due to racist favoritism or bias and as a consequence may non seek new life chances therefore potentially staying in hapless socioeconomic fortunes as a consequence of this forced exclusion ( Gilchrist and Kyprianou, 2011 ) . Similarly, favoritism and racism may ensue in less support within instruction spheres and less chances to stand out within employment circles ( Gilchrist and Kyprianou, 2011 ) . It has been recognised that unemployment has an impact on mental wellness ( Meltzer et al, 1995 ) . Findingss from the Fourth National Survey identify that four fifths of Pakistani and Bangladesh respondents, two-fifths of Indian and Caribbean respondents and one tierce of Chinese had incomes lower than half the distinct national norm recognised as poorness ( Karlsen and Nazroo, 2000 ) . This compares to one in four white respondents. Therefore, this may be the impact of racism, favoritism and disadvantage ( Karlsen and Nazroo, 2000 ) Therefore at that place seems to be a barbarous rhythm whereby BME groups feel the impact of structural subjugations ensuing in fewer chances to interrupt away from factors which can take to an increased hazard of mental wellness jobs, such as poorness. Therefore, arguably societal exclusion, poorness and category could be grounds why there are higher degrees of mental unwellness in some subcultures of South Asiatic adult females for illustration ( Karlsen and Nazroo, 2000 ) . The fact that communities stick together may ensue in farther hostility and segregation therefore ensuing in inappropriate support for mental wellness jobs as outsiders may non desire to irrupt in these civilizations they may take the attitude leave them to it which can be really unsafe. Therefore a combination of factors including category and poorness can underscore mental wellness issues. It seems that the function of racism as a hazard factor for mental wellness is being ignored or at least undermined by the alliance authorities. Although the No Health Without Mental Health scheme acknowledges the demand to see causal factors for mental wellness, it appears to pretermit to discourse the pertinent issue of racism/institutional racism which can be viewed as a ruin in response ( Watson, 2011 ) . Therefore, it neglects important links between race and mental wellness. This is emphasised in its a call to action papers, which does non include any BME administrations ( Vernon, 2011 ) . Pigeonholing of different groups refers to the favoritism of groups based on positions they are certain manner. So, South Asian groups may be viewed as holding tonss of household support and non believing in mental unwellness. This can be unsafe as it may ensue in services pretermiting to offer support to certain races or civilizations. Therefore, it appears that some mental wellness professionals may inherit positions sing racial stereotypes ( Fernando, 2004 ) . Another common racialist stereotype is that black work forces are unsafe which once more impacts on diagnosing and intervention. A good known illustration is that of Rocky Bennett. He was killed in 2004 in a medium secure psychiatric unit after being restrained by up to five nurses and an independent enquiry into this accepted that it was a consequence of institutional racism ( Athwal, 2004 ) . This is non a lone incident and has been recognised as an issue across mental wellness services. A concern which is shared by many i ncluding Richard Stone ( a member of the Bennett inquriy panel ) and Errol Francis ( a candidate on black mental wellness ) is that cultural/racial consciousness preparation will non cut down institutional maltreatment, it must be acknowledged and so the behavior of the professionals and workers demands to alter ( Athwal, 2004 ) . Once understood and acknowledged, advancement can be made to undertake and understand causes ( McKenzie, 2007 ) . McKenzie ( 2007 ) put frontward concern that the importance of Delivering Race Equality would be undermined, which seems to hold been the instance in No Health without Mental Health as it does non look to recognize the importance of racism as a hazard factor for mental wellness and the impact it has on service responses ( Watson, 2011 ) . Watson ( 2011 ) argues that the feeling given is that we are traveling to a post-racial large society where state multiculturalism is expunged from British values and public consciousness Thus the nexus is being undermined and if this is the instance it is improbable alterations will be made. Chantler et Al ( 2002 ) undertook a 10 month qualitative survey with a group of South Asiatic adult females who are subsisters of self injury or attempted self-destruction. It seems that subsister s highlighted issues doing mental hurt including in-migration position, poorness, and domestic force in their histories nevertheless an over focal point on cultural sensitiveness by professionals and policy shapers means that these factors frequently goes unrecognized ( Chantler et al, 2002 ) . Besides, of import to observe is that there does non look to be much research into the fact that if people are seeking refuge, there is a possibility that their mental wellness demands may be higher as a consequence of their experiences prior to migration ( Chantler, 2011 ) . As a consequence of deficiency of acknowledgment, inappropriate or a deficiency of support was offered by services. The research workers found that the subsisters who had been seeking refuge mentioned policies such as the one tw elvemonth regulation as doing them hurt and subjugation as it meant they were trapped ( frequently in an opprobrious relationship ) for a long period of clip without a opportunity of flight ( Chantler et al, 2001 ) . As stated, current in-migration statute law strips South Asiatic adult females of the legal and personal support available to white British female citizens ( Chantler et al, 2002 ) . The subsisters identified that they felt these policies ensured that all power was given to the adult male ( Chantler et al, 2002 ) . Policies implemented seeking to get the better of jobs in services by using South Asiatic workers demands to be looked into ( Chantler et al, 2002 ) . It seems that policy shapers used cultural clangs as accounts as to why issues such as domestic force, in-migration issues and poorness were non highlighted ( Chantler et al, 2002 ) . Therefore in theoretical accounts of mental wellness, factors such as in-migration are neglected. Servicess claimed to be una ble to run into their demands due to cultural struggle ( Chantler et al, 2002 ) . All but one of the subsisters in the survey had suffered domestic force placing the nexus between domestic force, in-migration position and suicide/self injury ( Chantler, 2001 ) . It is deserving observing that refugees and refuge searchers may hold experienced traumatic events before geting in the UK such as war and poorness therefore they may hold higher mental wellness demands because of their experiences this is non covered much in research and is something which may be good in our apprehension. Burman et Al ( 2005 ) focuses chiefly on domestic force services with respects to African, African-Caribbean, South Asian, Jewish and Irish adult females, it became apparent that civilization was seen to be more of import than covering with domestic force issues. Thus a focal point on civilization can be seen as an obstructor to offering the appropriate support ( Burman, 2005 ) . The survey besides identifies how other issues such as in-migration policies prevent refuge seeking adult females from being able to go forth opprobrious relationships hence this needs to see more ( Burman, 2005 ) . racialised dimensions of such policies heightens their exclusionary effects . The result of these findings suggests that there needs to be new ways of back uping adult females from minoritised groups enduring domestic force ( Burman, 2005 ) . Criticisms of survey? It seems that in favor of civilization, gender issues such as force against adult females are frequently ignored in relation to minority ethnicities ( Chantler, 2002 ) . Would this be the instance if it were white adult females? What is interesting is that force against adult females is considered a gender issue in relation to white adult females but is seen as a cultural issue in relation to South Asiatic adult females ( Chantler et al, 2002 ) . This is something which needs to be recognised and changed. Cultural factors need to be acknowledged to a grade and peculiarly in certain fortunes for illustration honor based force, nevertheless it needs to be recognised that civilization and race are non ever at the head of issues. It is of import to travel off from a complete focal point civilization in many cases, and see gender issues as good. Segregating adult females from minority groups from white adult females with respects to violence can take to miss of support therefore potential ly ensuing in ego harm/attempted suicide amongst other issues, as a consequence of the mental hurt. The research undertaken by Chantler et Al ( 2001 ) and Burman ( 2005 ) high spot this. Decision: As a societal worker it is of import to recognize cultural differences and be unfastened about civilization so that intercessions are non so hard nevertheless, although being culturally cognizant is utile, it is impossible to recognize all factors every bit cultural as there are legion different civilizations which are invariably accommodating. Besides, as this essay has identified, an over focal point on civilization can be unsafe. It is of import to be witting of other risk/causal factors of mental wellness such as force against adult females, category and in-migration position. It is indispensable label or stereotype person based on their race or civilization but instead engage, empower and sympathize with service users. As Chantlers 2001 survey identified, irrespective of a service users race or civilization, they frequently merely desire person to listen to them. Make non ever assume it is approximately civilization as policy has tended to make in recent old ages. It seems that a combination of structural, cultural and single factors including gender, poorness and civilization will enable a greater apprehension of diagnosing, intervention and results of mental wellness. Sing one without the other will restrict apprehension. Therefore, cognition demands to be more nuanced. I am non sabotaging the importance of race and civilization in relation to mental wellness and service responses, as I have acknowledged its importance in this essay. However, do non pretermit other every bit of import factors. Besides gender issues need to be considered for illustration domestic force. Why is domestic force considered cultural merely when related to certain ethnicities e.g south Asiatic adult females? ? SOME force offenses are specific to certain civilizations for illustration honor based force, trafficking ( UMHDU, 2010 ) However, all ethnicities within the uk experience gender based force non merely certain cultural groups and grounds suggests that force and maltreatment cause mental wellness issues ( UMHDU, 2010 ) . However it is sometimes merely seen as a gender issue when it is white adult females enduring maltreatment. Seen as a cultural issue when minority cultural group. Possibly it is nt a cultural issue but a gender issue? ? Research by Chantler et al many adult females from different ethnicities do nt advert culture/race in their survey merely reference maltreatment therefore possibly merely necessitate to see this? ? ?

Best Dining Experience Essay Example for Free

Best Dining Experience Essay My favorite food is Mexican. Being from Arizona, Mexican restaurants are not as good here in Iowa. Although my favorite Mexican food to eat here is from my grandmother’s kitchen; there are a few restaurants my friends and I enjoy eating at. A few of my girlfriends and I have made Margarita Wednesdays a tradition in the summer time at La Casa. My brother, sister and I go to Los Cabos at least once a month in West Des Moines, which is an amazing delicious Mexican restaurant. I also like Monterrey in Altoona because it’s so close to my house, but no restaurant can compare to Tiki Tok in Mexico. My best friend and I were feeling spontaneous so we took a week off work and went on a cruise. We both found it difficult to eat on the ship because we were continually getting sea sick. I’ll never forget the fishy, chewy, and crunchy taste of the little shrimp and cocktail sauce going down my throat, or the unpleasant feeling I had when it was coming up. The only bad memory of my trip was praying that my legs would stop shaking and that my journey would hopefully reach an end so I could stand on solid ground. Other than being sea sick for the first day; I had a blast on the cruise! I got the opportunity to see many things and visit quite a few places. One of the ports of call was Cozumel, Mexico, and my friend Alexandra and I decided we wanted to try some real Mexican food. Of course, we were a little concerned about getting sick, but I’m glad to say that didn’t happen. We asked on the ship where the best place for Mexican food was, but they said that anywhere along the main shopping strip would be good. We then found a place called the Tiki Tok. The place was on the second level of a building. We sat out on the little balcony that they had. They had covered it with sand. The view from the restaurant was amazing. I was hypnotized by the vibrant colors and the employees’ of the restaurants equally vibrant lifestyles. I remember feeling jealous of the workers because they would get to go back to Tiki Tok tomorrow and the day after that, but I wouldn’t. The walls were an explosion of colorful textiles and every color of paint one could think of that was as bold as can be. Vases were on every table with burnt orange and deep yellow dried peppers inside. The chairs at the dining tables were made of a Mexican Serape material. The colors, the fringe, and the feel of it gave the restaurant even a stronger Mexican energy. My favorite part of the restaurants decor was the little cactus lights that strung amongst all the walls connecting each bulb to the wrought iron chandelier in the middle of the room. When one first enters the restaurant the Mariachi band is one of the most noticeable features. Three men were dressed in black with button up shirts and decorative sombreros all standing in the corner of the room. Two men had violins and the third was handling a guitar. As we took our seats the band started playing lively music and a few older couples got up and danced fearlessly. Everything in the restaurant was bold excluding my bashful personality; otherwise I would have danced too. I was in a trance watching the people dance with one another until the Mariachi band shouted in sync, â€Å"AY! † causing me to be brought back to the present. It was then that I had realized how hungry I was. The menu prices were in pesos, so it looked like everything was really expensive, but it wasn’t. We ordered the hot and spicy red enchiladas which were about 60 pesos, and they also brought us chips and salsa. The chips were a little bit thicker than you would get here in the US, and there were three different types of salsas. There was a regular pico de gallo, then there was one made with tomatillos, and the last was a pineapple cilantro salsa that was actually really tasteful. Lexi and I have never had pineapple cilantro salsa before, so we weren’t sure whether it was going to be appetizing or not. After stuffing myself with chips our food finally arrived. It was just about the yummiest thing I’ve ever had. The red sauce for the enchiladas was a little bit different than what I’ve had here, but I can’t tell you how. It was more delicious over there though. There was chicken inside the enchiladas and a touch of sour cream on top. We took the extra salsa we hadn’t demolished with the chips and smothered our enchiladas with it. I ate every last bite of it and was so full afterwards! The amazing food I had in Mexico was the best Mexican food I have ever had. I remember the smell of the ocean and sweet salsa at the same time. The bright colored sombreros and the ocean front view was an amazing sight to see while enjoying the food as well. Anytime I think about Mexico I think about the short beach chairs, sand between my toes, all the smells of the restaurant, laughing with my best friend and delicious enchiladas. This will be a memory that would be difficult to forget because we took so many pictures of the restaurant and it was the best eating experience I’ve had yet. I’m really glad that my friend and I were able to have this dining experience together. Alexandra and I enjoyed it very much! Best Dining Experience. (2017, Mar 30).

Women in Medieval Europe Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Women in Medieval Europe - Essay Example Feminist medievalists many hundreds of them have an association, a journal, bibliographic projects, and even long-standing research collaborations (Susan, 1987). In some cases they are peculiarly handicapped, approaching distant past through incomplete and intransigent sources that were, with few exceptions, created and preserved by men. (Rosenthal, 1990). Few of the great examples of that time are Eleanor of Aquitaine organized a rebellion against her husband, King Henry 11 of England. Christine de Pisan, a Frenchwoman, was married at the age of 15 and became a widow at the age of 25. She then made her living as a writer. Although few women fought in battle, they often had to organize the defense of a castle. The Countess of Buchan defended Berwick Castle so fiercely against King Edward one of England that, when he finally overcame her soldiers, he hung her over the battlements in an iron cage. Women could become honorary members of certain knightly orders. A knight's wife looked af ter the children and organized tasks such as cooking and making clothes. She also hired the laborers, supervised the stewards, sold the produce and kept the accounts. Men often died before their wives so that a woman would often find herself managing an estate. Queen of England; she was Duchess of Aquitaine in her own right, which gave her significant power as a wife and mother. She served as regent in her husband's absence, helped ensure significant royal marriages for her daughters, and eventually helped her son's rebel against their father, Henry II of England, her husband. She was imprisoned by Henry, but outlived him and served, once again, as regent, this time when her sons were absent from England. When someone says the word marriage today we think about two people who are in love and who want to spend the rest of their lives with each other. Marriage is a serious commitment, one that isn't taken lightly for most people. One wouldn't likely marry a stranger they just met for instance. In the Medieval Times, however, marriage was quite different. Women didn't have a choice as to who they would marry. There were strict rules for whether or not a divorce was allowed. Despite the differences in various aspects of marriage, the marriage ceremony has stayed rather similar over the years. We also carry on some of the same traditions in today's society.

Who is mainly responsible for the tragedy that befalls Romeo and Essay

Who is mainly responsible for the tragedy that befalls Romeo and Juliet - Essay Example It combines heavy elements of comedy and tragedy, of classical and medieval tragedy, to create a groundbreaking and long-lived piece of art that continues to have tremendous influence in our culture as a well-known reference point. Nevertheless, the ingredients for tragedy are all there: the untimely death of the protagonists, the death of a young love, and a solemn prologue proposing that a sacrifice must be made to reconcile two feuding households. This foreboding preface to the play’s action gives the sense that its outcome is fated, and that those ultimately responsible for the sacrifice must be guilty by some standard of cosmic justice. Strangely enough, however, all primary characters of the play add to the price that Romeo and Juliet must pay for the love they share. Fate plays an instrumental role throughout Shakespeare’s work. In Romeo & Juliet, he places his audience in a position to observe their fate as the plot action unfolds. The audience is told that their story is one of â€Å"a pair of star-cross’d lovers† who â€Å"take their life†. Knowing this is their fate, the audience watches as their fates are realized. Our emotional connection with the character injects us with hope that the prophecies will be broken, and characters will alter their paths to the ending. However, the play unfolds as if under the direct control of destiny, and the audience is left questioning the existence of free will in such a world. When we look at how the plot of Romeo & Juliet is constructed, we see a plethora of well-placed factors that help drive its protagonists toward their untimely deaths. The Friar’s letter never arrives to tell Romeo that Juliet is not really dead; the protagonists are born to feuding families; Juliet is being forced into an arranged marriage; and so on. All of these make the outcome of the story seem inevitable, and, quite frankly, fated. In many ways, Romeo and Juliet are the victims of the

IKEA Essay Example for Free

IKEA Essay

Global Look at Internet Censorship Essay -- Internet Censoring Censors

Global Look at Internet Censorship Introduction Many Americans take for granted the freedom that living in the United States allows us. As we go through our days, we whine about our bosses, the governor’s latest political agenda, or read commentary about how the war in Iraq is morally wrong. Whether we are sending e-mail, posting on message boards, or reading the news online, we are guaranteed the same freedom of self expression that we enjoy offline. In other countries, the mere act of accessing websites that criticize the government is an offense that can land you in prison. Within this paper, we will explore Internet Censorship as a global issue as well as an ethical issue. The Internet The Internet, while relatively young, has made its way into the everyday life many in the United States. It allows for instantaneous communication with others around the world and not just person to person communication but mass communication. The Internet has become a popular medium since it incorporates characteristics of several other media and communication systems, i.e. print, broadcast, and postal systems.[1] Despite being such a powerful tool, the Internet is now affordable for most of the world’s population. Internet cafes have sprung up in nations around the world, providing people with a quick, easy and cheap way to interact with the Internet. â€Å"The Internet has the potential to be a tremendous force for development by providing quick and inexpensive information, by encouraging discussion rather than violence, and by empowering citizens †¦Ã¢â‚¬ [2] It has facilitated the flow of information, has no national boundaries. While the Internet as a whole can not be controlled by any one country, or even a group of countries, nation... ...ralia, Internet Censorship: Law & policy around the world [7] Sorensen, 16 [8] Electronic Frontiers Australia, Internet Censorship: Law & policy around the world [9] Bowman, Lisa M., â€Å"Report seeks U.N. help in Net case,† CNET News.com(2003), 17 April 2004, [10] Human Rights Watch, â€Å"Freedom of Expression and the Internet in China: A Human Rights Watch Backgrounder,† www.hrw.org (2001), 17 April 2004 [11] Human Rights Watch, â€Å"The Internet in the Mideast and North Africa: Free Expression and Censorship,† www.hrw.org (1999), 17 April 2004 [12] Electronic Frontiers Australia, Internet Censorship: Law & policy around the world [13] International Freedom of Expression eXchange, â€Å"Saudi Arabia: Ban on Gay websites Lifted,† www.ifex.org (2004), 17 April 2004 [14] International Freedom of Expression eXchange, â€Å"Saudi Arabia: Ban on Gay websites Lifted†

Economic Analysis Essay

The enthusiasm, as well as the anxieties that is generated by the working of the economy of the United States is not just US economy generates is not just obvious but also easy to understand. The United States, with a GDP of 13. 2 trillion USD, and a population of 300 million (with an average yearly per capita income of more than 44,000 USD), is the largest economy of the world (CIA Factbook, 2008). Its currency, the US dollar, even in the throes of its greatest financial crisis, is the world’s preferred currency, and its markets the world’s biggest. In diversity and amount, the natural resources of the country are greater than those of most other countries. Many US industries are global leaders, and it remains the favorite marketing target for companies from across the world. With the US being the largest trading partner for numerous north and south countries, a large portion of the global economy relies upon US consumption for survival; significant changes in its pattern can lead to global euphoria or gloom. The performance of the US economy is influenced by an assortment of local and international factors. Distinguished by particularly low government control, a guiding principle that was first chosen by the founding fathers and followed painstakingly ever since (Oppenheimer, & Reddaway, 1989). Although the government stipulates regulations and ensures inviolability of contracts, most microeconomic decisions are taken by private firms and corporations. (Rowe & Silverstein, 1999) Governmental and Federal Reserve activities occur mainly through the modification of tax policies, changes in interest rates, and control of money supply; their endeavor being to push the economy in chosen directions rather than to compel it to take up preferred paths. (Oppenheimer, & Reddaway, 1989) The last two decades have been particularly turbulent for the economy, marked by sharp expansion, occasional slowdowns, and the occurrence, in 2008, of a slump of dimensions sharp enough to affect the economic fortunes of numerous nations and millions of people. This assignment aims to assess and analyze the performance of the economy from 1990 until the present day, taking up various economic developments, the reasons behind the same, and their local and global impact. Commentary Overview of 1990 to 2001 The economic performance of an extremely intricate and influential economy like that of the US relies upon various local and global developments like investments, agricultural, manufacturing and service activity, exports and imports, global and local commodity prices, currency strength, disposable incomes, and consumption patterns. It is also influenced by fiscal and monetary measures like changes in tax policies, interest rates on loans, and reserves of banks, as well as by ongoing developments like price rises, job levels, and induction of fresh participants into the work force. Whilst the United States is one of the leading exporters of coal, wheat, corn, and soybeans, its continuous and strong economic growth has increased its dependence upon other countries for oil and many other raw materials. In fact the country had become a leading consumer of practically every sort of raw material by the 1960s and growth continued to rise thereafter. The 1970s and the 1980s, the decades that preceded the 1990s, were difficult ones and were distinguished by slow economic growth and inflation. While the period was marked by the entry of Japanese industry onto the global stage, the oil price shocks, and the forced bailout of Chrysler, it also witnessed the emergence of the service industry and the numerous small businesses in the United States. Whilst the 1980s saw a reduction in inflation rates and the creation of millions of jobs, such developments were accompanied by drastic increases in military expenditure, Medicaid and Medicare costs, corporate debt and household borrowing (Julius, 2005). Thousands of banks failed because of a combination of reasons that included high inflation and interest rates, bad loans to developing nations and speculative real estate ventures. The total national debt reached a figure of 290 billion US dollars, the highest till then. The US economic recovery commenced in 1991 and continued for the rest of the decade; it was distinguished by a long period of constant growth and by strong performance in key economic indicators like growth, inflation, unemployment and interest rates. Real growth in GDP stayed at around 3 % for the whole period with a low of 2. 5 % and a high of 3. 9 % in 1998. Unemployment fell from a peak of 7. 5 % to 5. 6 % by the middle of the decade and to less than 5 % after 1997. â€Å"America’s labor force changed markedly during the 1990s. Continuing a long-term trend, the number of farmers declined. A small portion of workers had jobs in industry, while a much greater share worked in the service sector, in jobs ranging from store clerks to financial planners. If steel and shoes were no longer American manufacturing mainstays, computers and the software that make them run were. † (The 1990s and beyond, 2008) Inflation, which had reached dangerously high levels in the 1980s also moderated significantly and remained below 3 % for most of the decade. The only area that witnessed volatility was the stock market, with stock prices rising by more than 60 % in the closing years of the decade on the back of low unemployment and good growth figures. The Dow Jones Industrial Average, which had stood at around 1,000 in the late 1970s, went up to as much as 11,000 in 1999, adding substantially to the wealth of many Americans (Julius, 2005). Whilst Clinton, who occupied the Presidency from 1993 to 2000, declared the era of big business to be over in the United States, he worked to strengthen market forces in areas like long distance telephony, reduced the size of the federal work force and ensured the continuance of most of the New Deal innovations (The 1990s and beyond, 2008). The economy was also helped greatly by the collapse of the Soviet Union and the consequent enlargement of trading opportunities. Technological advances led to the introduction of a wide assortment of sophisticated new electronic products. Numerous innovations in telecommunications and computer networking led to the development of a vast IT industry and revolutionized the operating methods and ways of numerous industries. â€Å"After peaking at $290,000 million in 1992, the federal budget steadily shrank as economic growth increased tax revenues. In 1998, the government posted its first surplus in 30 years, although a huge debt — mainly in the form of promised future Social Security payments to the baby boomers – remained† (The 1990s and beyond, 2008) The Economy in the 21st Century Whilst such developments led a number of economists to believe that the United States was entering a period of sustained economic growth, economic growth came to a halt in the early 2000s. Much of this was due to the slowing down of the investment boom and the economy went into recession in the second half of 2001, cutting a ten year period of economic growth. Along with slowdowns in investment and the widespread crashing of dotcom organizations the economy was terribly hurt by the World Trade Center attacks worsened the economic situation. The recession was short lived and lasted for a period of 8 months and whilst the labor force continued to grow, its rate moderated significantly. Whilst the actual recession was short lived the following years were ones of slow growth. Growth in GDP, which was estimated at 2. 5 % in 2002 continued to be slow in 2003 and unemployment rose significantly in 2003 (Julius, 2005). Huge corporate scams, like the ones at Enron and WorldCom led to erosion of domestic confidence and the recovery process remained slow and sluggish. The downturn in the US economy, which had spurred global economic growth during the 1990s led to a worldwide economic downturn, not just in Europe but also in Japan, Latin America and Southeast Asia (Julius, 2005). Consumer spending increased only after the commencement of the war in Iraq and was accompanied by the improvement of most economic indicators. The movement of the economy in the 2000s can be broken up in three distinct sections, the recession of 2001 followed by sluggish growth in 2002 and 2003, sharp economic growth from 2004 to 2007 and financial crisis that enveloped the economy after the housing crash and the mortgage disaster of 2007 (The 1990s and beyond, 2008). The years following 2003 witnessed a recovery powered by consumer spending as the Federal Reserve lowered interest rates and the government reduced taxes. The economy grew at an average annual rate of 3. 1 % during this period, a rate not much lower than that achieved during the growth phase of the 1990s. The economy was also bolstered by a USD 500 billion spending on homeland security and the wars in Afghanistan and Iraq, a jump of 4 trillion USD in household debt and a 50 % increase in prices of real estate (The 1990s and beyond, 2008). With the Fed engineering finance at low interest rates, consumer debt, credit card, and vehicle loans went up from 7. 9 trillion USD to 12. 2 trillion USD, and US consumers went on a spending spree that had no precedent. Inflation was fuelled not just by increasing demand but by sharp increases in oil prices, which went up from 28 dollars a barrel in 2001 to the mid 60s in 2006 and finally to USD 148 a barrel in 2007 before the current crisis brought it crashing down. â€Å"The rise in GDP in 2004-07 was undergirded by substantial gains in labor productivity. Hurricane Katrina caused extensive damage in the Gulf Coast region in August 2005, but had a small impact on overall GDP growth for the year. Soaring oil prices in 2005-2007 threatened inflation and unemployment, yet the economy continued to grow through year-end 2007. † (CIA Fact Book, 2008) Tragedy struck the US and global economy in 2007 in the form of the mortgage crisis when economists were predicting a boom the likes of which the world had never seen before. The majority of the problems impacting the US economy have come about because of the development of housing crisis. Whilst housing and construction activities had grown sharply since 2004, they slackened significantly in 2006 after successive interest rate increases by the Federal Reserve made monthly housing loan repayments substantially more costly for home mortgage holders. With loans having become far more expensive to service, the housing industry went into a slump in 2006 with far lesser home sales on a Year on Year basis. The continuation of this phenomenon into 2007 led to a sharp economic slowdown and was in many ways responsible for the precipitation of the mortgage crisis. The sub prime mortgage financial crisis in the USA first evidenced itself in 2006, and assumed global proportions in mid 2007. With a combination of a number of economic causes like increased monthly repayment figures and declining home values restricting the inability of mortgage holders to meet their repayment terms, mortgage lenders, who until the had ridden the wave of real estate expansion, were hit with huge cash deficits and the inadequate securities to make good their losses (Bernanke, 2007). The emergence of the sub prime crisis led to the opening of a virtual Pandora’s Box of wrong and risky banking practices, and the financial bankruptcy and mortgage foreclosures of thousands of borrowers. It also led to the bankruptcy of huge financial institutions like Lehman Brothers, the virtual collapse of a monolith like Citibank, the collapse of stock markets, the extinction of stock market fortunes of thousands of Americans and finally to a tremendous crunch in availability of funds and credit. Apart from creating havoc among financial institutions the crisis has also led to tremendous slowing down of economic activity, the loss of thousands of jobs, increasing unemployment, contraction of GDP and enormous economic uncertainty. The sub-prime crisis has put a huge doubt over broader economic functioning by choking spending and by impacting the progress of the building sector. Whilst most impartial observers are likely to attribute the sub prime crisis to the greed of borrowers and lenders, the lax policies of regulatory authorities is seen by many to be a major contributory factor for the development of this crisis. Laxity in the activity of the Federal reserve, which reduced interest rates in 2001 and kept them low for five years, is considered to be a major reason for the reckless borrowing and lending practices that finally led to the sub prime crisis. The collapse of major banks and financial institutions has led to the development of an enormous credit crunch, with banks unable to lend money to businesses and to individuals. â€Å"So far this year, 15 banks have failed, compared with three last year. And Wall Street’s five biggest investment firms were swallowed by other companies, filed bankruptcy or converted themselves into commercial banks to weather the financial storm† (Bush: Bailout Plan †¦, 2008). With losses not being confined just to mortgage lenders, many banks lost billions of dollars in the bad mortgage debts that they had bought from mortgage companies. This in turn led to sharp reduction in the money available with them and made them unable to engage in any further lending activity. Businesses across a wide spectrum of industry and service sectors find it difficult to obtain funds for operations and growth, a phenomenon that is seriously affecting their regular working, and leading to contraction of business activity, reduction in production and sales, and to reduction of workforce. Thousands of people have been laid off in the banking sector and job losses are now increasing across the spectrum of business companies, not just in the United States but across the world. Reduced employment figures, accompanied by lesser money availability with people who are fortunate enough to hold their jobs, is also leading to sharp drops in demand for a range of products, including automobiles and household goods, and leading to crisis conditions in various sectors of the economy. The US automobile industry, which has been going through a bad patch for the last few years, has been particularly badly hit, with mostly all companies announcing production cuts and job terminations. Conclusion The duration and severity of the current financial crisis has led many analysts to compare it with the events of the Great Depression, when 9,000 banks failed. Others however feel that while the current crisis is undoubtedly severe it is far away from reaching the levels of economic grief that characterized the depression of the 1930s. Contracting money supply, tax increases, and protectionist tariffs, factors that were associated with the Great Depression are not present today. Unemployment levels, while rising today are also far below the levels of 25 % that were breached in the 1930s. Today’s problem remains associated with the crisis of banking solvency, as is evident from the bankruptcies, forced takeovers and virtual nationalization of large private sector banks. Banks are desperate to first balance their banks and are looking for funds to stay afloat and manage their existing obligations rather than in providing fresh credit. The government of the United States has come out with a bailout plan that was first estimated at 700 billion US dollars and has now come up to nearly a trillion dollars, a figure equal to the GDP of many prosperous West European economies. The bailout plan envisages the provisioning of hundreds of billions of dollars that the treasury can use to for the purchase of distressed assets, particularly mortgage backed securities and for making capital injections into banks. The purpose of the bailout plan is to protect banks, stabilize the economy, improve liquidity, restore confidence in financial markets, and encourage consumption. The Federal Reserve has in recent weeks joined with other major central banks to reduce interest rates and the world’s top economic powers are getting together to take concerted action. Such efforts are yet to show significant results and stock markets continue to remain depressed. â€Å"Slowing consumer demand, labor productivity and, potentially, trade growth worsens the prospects of a mild recession. If the bailout does not soon restore financial stability-and many economists doubt that it will-bailing out the broader economy will require additional public funds and increase burdens on future taxpayers† (Gokhale, 2008) Economists also estimate unemployment to increase to hit 7. 5 % by next year and most are in agreement that while the current crisis may not prove to be as severe as the great depression, economic recovery does not appear to be immediately visible and that the economy will remain difficult even if financial markets were to stabilize. In the meanwhile Americans will most probably have to live with shrinking salaries and reducing net worth at least for 2009.